AND Function: syntax, examples, mistakes and translation notes
Returns TRUE when all tests are true.
Syntax
=AND(logical1, [logical2], ...)
Arguments
logical1
First condition or logical value.
logical2
Optional additional conditions.
Worked examples
=AND(82>=70,82<=100)
Returns TRUE.
=IF(AND(B2>=70,C2="Complete"),"Ready","Review")
Combines two required conditions inside IF.
Practical tips
- Use AND when every condition must be TRUE.
- Keep each condition independently testable while debugging.
- For row-by-row array logic, multiplication of Boolean arrays is sometimes used with FILTER.
Common mistakes
- Using AND when any one of several conditions should be enough.
- Embedding so many conditions that the business rule becomes difficult to audit.
Related functions
Frequently asked questions
What does AND do?
Returns TRUE when all tests are true.
Why might a AND formula return an unexpected result?
Using AND when any one of several conditions should be enough. Start by testing the smallest referenced range or condition independently before adding wrappers or fallbacks.
Check the complete formula
Function syntax is only one part of a working workbook. Paste the finished expression into the Formula Checker for structural warnings, the Formatter for readability or the Translator when a supported locale mapping is involved.
Testing note: examples are educational. Spreadsheet versions, locale settings, tables, named ranges and workbook data can change behavior, so validate important formulas with representative data.